April 2018 managing silverleaf whitefly in australian cotton. Bemisia tabaci gennadius or bemisia argentifolii bellows. Whitefly exhibited three nymphal instars and a pupal stage before reaching the adult stage. Bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the cotton. The cotton whitefly bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. The wings are held tentlike above the body and slightly apart, so that the yellow. These common names reflect major hosts and symptoms, and in some cases also denote different biotypes or even species geographical distribution.
Cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Two distinct biotypes have been introduced to australia, biotype b and recently biotype q, both currently known as silverleaf whitefly. Effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of whitefly. Control strategies for whitefly as a vector for cassava. Med species is also an effective vector of many different plant viruses which, in conjunction with its high level of. Insecticide resistance status in the whitefly, bemisia. Mechanisms of resistance in cotton to whitefly bemisia. Susceptibility of cotton whitefly bemisia tabaci oxford academic. Studies on biology of cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci were carried out under screen house conditions on cotton variety h1117 and hybrid rch 4 bg ii. Several species of parasitoid wasps have also proven to be effective biological control agents. It is known to feed on more than 900 plant species and vector over 100 plantdamaging viruses oliveira et al. Murugan m, uthamasamy s 2001 dispersal behaviour of cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci under cotton based garden land agro ecosystem of coimbatore. For adults, sampling in the morning is suggested particularly in midsummer. Important among the underlying factors are escalating costs of crop spraying in conjunction with increasing infestations of the cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci genn.
Assuming that all crop systems are equal, silverleaf whitefly populations would likely grow the most in environments similar to the imperial valley, where daily temperatures exceed 100f during the 3 to 4 months of the year that silverleaf whitefly populations increase most rapidly. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aleyrodidae common names. The whitefly population increased from july to september and noted peak during october month. The exact origin of the med species of bemisia tabaci, and the reasons why it became such an important pest are still not fully known. Among them, white fly causes great damage by sucking the cell sap, secreting the honey dews and transmitting the viral diseases to cotton 10, 3, 11. Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton. Methods for monitoring the insect have not yet been developed, although scouting for other major cotton pests is well established in insect pest management ipm programmes in zimbabwe. Silverleaf whitefly in vegetables department of primary. Efficacy of some novel insecticides against white fly. The first incidence of whitefly noted during midjuly when cotton crop was on two to four true leaf stage and remained active throughout crop season. Methods for monitoring the insect have not yet been developed, although scouting.
Effect of abiotic factors on population dynamics of. Cotton whitefly bemisia tabaci resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides in pakistan. Silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci predators such as lacewing larvae, lady beetles and larvae, mites, and spiders naturally control silverleaf whitefly populations. The nymphal stages are tiny, flattened, oval scales that have no obvious legs, do not crawl except immediately after egg hatch for a day or so. Efficacy of some insecticides against whitefly bemisia. Many agricultural crops are infested by this polyphagous insect. Methodologyprincipal findings to identify the core sirna machinery, we curated. Infesting cotton under field conditions muhammad amjad, muhammad hamid bashir, muhammad afzal1 and muhammad ahsan khan. A comprehensive manual on the biology, economic impact and control tactics. Bemisia tabaci, silverleaf whitefly, is a pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops. Bemisia tabaci this species has two biotypes ithe silverleaf whitefly slw or middle eastasia. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Although several species of whitefly may cause some crop losses simply by sucking sap when they are very numerous, the major harm they do is. Cilia m, douglas ae, ghanim m, simmons am, wintermantel wm, ling ks, fei z 2016 the draft genome of whitefly bemisia tabaci meam1, a global crop pest, provides novel. It is argued that the whitefly has risen to the status of a major pest as a result of certain features of current control strategies, based on intensive aerial spraying. In 2007 cotton crop was grown over an area of 3054 thousand hectares with production of 11655 thousand bales anonymous, 2008. In 1986, bemisia tabaci gennadius was found attacking an array or ornamental plants in florida greenhouses. Expression of an insecticidal fern protein in cotton protects. Bemisia tabaci gennadius feeds on more than 600 host plants and vectors over 111 plant virus species and is considered to be a major invasive species worldwide. The exact origin of the med species of bemisia tabaci, and the reasons why it became such an important pest are still not fully known med species has been identified as a distinct member within the b. Efficacy of some novel insecticides against white fly bemisia tabaci gennadius in brinjal awaneesh kumar, sk sachan, sudhir kumar and promish kumar abstract an investigation was carried out to study the insecticidal management of whitefly bemisia tabaci. Comparative efficacy of different novel insecticides. Whiteflies have long been considered a major pest of ornamental crops. Ed 1986 bemisia tabaci a literature survey on the cotton whitefly with an annotated bibliography.
The previously known strain was called a or cotton, while the new strain was called b, florida or poinsettia. Aleyrodidae hemiptera sap feeder technology mission on cotton mini mission i 3. Introduction cotton is rightly called backbone of economy of asian countries ahmad 1999. Aleyrodidae, adults and second nymphal instars under controlled conditions. Details are accurate to the best of our knowledge but irac and its member compa nies cannot accept responsibility for how this information is used or interpreted. In 2010, the b biotype was given a new designation, bemisia tabaci middle east asia minor 1, one of 28 cryptic species in the b. Pdf evaluation of insecticides against cotton whitefly, bemisia. When clouds of whiteflies swarmed through californias desert agricultural areas in the fall of 1991, they were initially identified as a new strain of the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci. For the investigation using clsm, greenhouse grown cotton, cv. This book was compiled for entomologists and plant pathologists planning effective control of bemisia tabaci on cotton in pakistan, but is relevant to work on this polyphagous pest and important vector of plant diseases in other countries. Description bemisia tabaci adults figs 1 and 8 are about 1 mm long, the male is slightly smaller than the female. In florida the b biotype is referred to as the sweetpotato or silverleaf whitefly.
Apr 11, 2006 the past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses. University of florida, university of florida, institute of food and agricultural sciences extension. Arizona produces cotton, melon, winter vegetable, and forage crops through the year. Silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci meam1 bbiotype is a major pest in cotton. There was generally a very high resistance to dimethoate and deltamethrin, and a moderate resistance to monocrotophos during 1992 to 1996. The morphological basis of resistance to the whiteflybemisia tabaci genn. Med species has been identified as a distinct member within the b.
The plant characters examined were leaf area, thickness of leaf lamina, hair density, hair length, angle of insertion of leaf hair, and density of gossypol glands. The 1st chapter is a short summary of the distribution of the aleyrodid. Screen house experiments were conducted under no choice conditions, to determine the tolerance, a mechanism of resistance, in cotton under a population pressure of 150 and 300 pairs of whiteflies bemisia tabaci gennadius homoptera. We have assembled and annotated a draft genome sequence of b. Navascastillo j, camero r, bueno m, moriones e, 2000. Pdf biology of cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci hemiptera.
Much of what is known about whitefly biology comes from research on pest species, such as sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood, and silverleaf whitefly, bemisia argentifolii bellows and perring also referred to as the b strain or biotype b of b. Trialeurodes vaporariorum gwf and silverleaf whitefly. The past three decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in interest in the whitefly bemisia tabaci, owing to its nature as a taxonomically cryptic species, the damage it causes to a large number of herbaceous plants because of its specialized feeding in the phloem, and to its ability to serve as a vector of plant viruses. Q biotype institute of food and agricultural sciences. Trialeurodes vaporariorum, greenhouse whitefly, a major pest of greenhouse fruit, vegetables, and ornamentals. Systemic response is necessary to control them in field condition. The silverleaf whitefly bemisia tabaci, also informally referred to as the sweet potato whitefly is one of several species of whitefly that are currently important agricultural pests.
Mushtaq ahmad, arif mi, zahoor ahmad, denholm i, 2002. Jan 18, 2017 the whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Thrips tabaci linnman, aphid, aphis gossypii glover and white fly, bemisia tabaci 8 and account for the yield loss of 22. A basic biological capacity for explosive increase is meaningless in an unsuitable environment. Efficacy, insecticides, bemisia tabaci, gossypium hirsutum. Silverleaf whitefly slw feed on the phloem vessels that transport the sugar rich products of. In other parts of the world it may be referred to as the cotton or tobacco whitefly. The results of the the results of the field study revealed that the sucking pest whiteflies and jassids population were maximum at highest temperature. Cotton plants are protected from the sapsucking whitefly and a viral disease it transmits by transgenic expression of an insecticidal fern protein. Sanderson identification whiteflies are small, white, fly like insects in their adult stage. Bioactivity of indigenous medicinal plants against the.
Until 1986, the primary pest species was the greenhouse whitefly ghwf, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood. Panickar bk, patel jb 2001 population dynamics of different species of thrips on chilli, cotton and pigeon pea. Staining and clearing nymphs and leaves were accomplished fol. Silverleaf whitefly national invasive species information. Integrated systems for managing bemisia tabaci in protected and. Hair density and leaf thickness were positively correlated with the population ofb. In order to evaluate the resistance of cotton genotypes, gossypium hirsutum l. The method is demonstrated for a key pest in cotton as a model system. Using an isogenic colony of whitefly developed at usdaars in charleston, sc, over 6,000 haploid male individuals were collected and used for genomic dna extraction. Bemisia tabaci is a serious cosmopolitan pest of many crops, including cotton.
Little emphasis has been placed on chemical control. Bioecology and management of whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius on cotton. Whitefly bemisia tabaci is one of the 100 worst invasive. Whitefly, bemisia tabaci, is a potentially serious pest of cotton in zimbabwe. Bemisia argentifolii slwf are common potentially major pests. Bemisia tabaci background bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Scientists in florida soon realized that this species.
Bemisia tabaci, sometimes called cotton whitefly, is not known to be a pest of vegetables, is usually found on native vegetation, and is easily controlled with insecticides. Aleyrodidae, is one of the worlds top 100 invasive organisms 1. Fortyone methanol extracts of 28 indigenous medicinal plant species were tested for their insecticidal bioactivity against cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius hemiptera. Economic losses resulting from silverleaf whitefly infestation. Resistance to three organophosphate and four pyrethroid insecticides was monitored from 1992 to 2000 in field populations of adult whiteflies, bemisia tabaci, from pakistan using a leaf. The first nymphal instar is capable of limited movement and is called the crawler. Insecticide resistance status in the whitefly, bemisia tabaci. Bemisia tabaci a literature survey on the cotton whitefly with an annotated bibliography.
Among the most important plant viruses to be transmitted by b. This study is within a bioprospection context, in the form of utilizing local plant species as an alternative in sustainable agriculture. The body and both pairs of wings are covered with a white, powdery, waxy secretion. It is causing severe economic damage in over 60 crop plants as a phloem sap. Effect of imidacloprid and extracts of neem and dathura on white fly population and tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease incidence. Spring and fall melons provide an excellent host for whitefly development and serve as a biological bridge for whitefly movement between. Vegetable ipm project officer, science innovation and performance, richmond. Severe yellowing outbreaks in tomato in spain associated with infections of tomato chlorosis.
Background rna interference has been emerged as an utmost tool for the control of sap sucking insect pests. Repellency and deterrency caused by plant extracts on bemisia tabaci adults. In the sudan gezira, cotton growing is in a state of crisis. A method for monitoring whitefly, bemisia tabaci genn.
Evaluation of altered sowing date on population buildup. Pdf bemisia tabaci a literature survey on the cotton. Evaluation of insecticides against cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci genn. Plant physiologist, usdaars western cotton research laboratory, brawley, california. Irm for sustainable whitefly control with special reference to bemisia tabaci insecticide resistance action committee. Photograph by james castner, university of florida. Pdf studies on biology of cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci were carried out under screen house conditions on cotton variety h1117 and. It has the ability to contaminate cotton lint with honeydew, has a large host range, can rapidly reproduce and can develop resistance to many insecticides.
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